世界人口The World' s Population

2012-05-19 11:17:01 

      The first fifty years of the next millennium will be critical for the world's population.  By  2050  population growth should have leveled off, but by then we'll have 10 billion people--two-thirds as many again as we have today.The rate of population growth is something we can choose right now, though: it's not something that just happens, but a matter of human choice. The choice is a complicated one,with many variables, but it remains a choice.
     If we want to prevent a population explosion, we should take action now -or assist the poorer countries to do so. They need better government, better institutions, better labor and capital markets, better schools.
      Anything that increases the value of women's time and adds to the cost of caring for a child makes a woman less likely to have that child. Since big families are often seen as safety nets for illness and old age, improving poor people's access to insurance, pensions and welfare institutions also has a major impact. This can be as simple as rural credit, providing a means of saving. Finally, there is education--both for women and, perhaps even more important, for the next generation of children.
     These steps are there to be taken, but there appear to be some countries that are not seriously trying at the moment. If we cannot achieve that we will certainly not control population.
     That said, I don't feel pessimistic that we are going to run out of resources: we are becoming more efficient at producing food faster than the rate at which population is increasing. There is, however, a risk that we will wreck the environment so effectively that the world will no longer be an attractive place to live. That really would be a dismal outcome, to reach world population equilibrium only to find we'd destroyed the natural environment in the process.
標題:世界總人口(世界人口)
內容:世界氏人口的下一個千年的頭50年將是至關重要的世界人口。到2050年,人口增長應趨于平穩(wěn),但到那時,我們將有10億人 - 2的三分之二多,我們再次有各屆人口增長速度是我們可以選擇現(xiàn)在,雖然:這不是還是發(fā)生了,而是一個人選擇的問題。選擇是一個復雜的,有許多變數(shù),但它仍然是一個選擇。如果我們要防止人口爆炸,我們應該現(xiàn)在就采取行動,或協(xié)助貧困GJ這樣做。他們需要更好的政府,更好的體制,更好的勞動力和資本市場,更好的學校。任何增加婦女的時間價值,增加了對兒童的照顧費用會使女性不太可能有這個孩子。由于大家庭往往被視為對老年疾病和安全網,改善窮人獲得的保險,養(yǎng)老金和福利機構也有重大影響。這可以認為是簡單的農村信貸,提供了搶救措施。最后,還有教育 - 為婦女和,或許更重要的是,兒童的下一代。這些步驟是要采取有,但似乎有些GJ未認真目前嘗試。如果我們不能做到這一點,我們絕對不會控制人口。不過,我并不感到悲觀,我們將運行資源不足:我們正逐漸成為糧食生產的速度快于人口增長的效率更高。然而,一種風險,即我們將破壞環(huán)境,以便有效地,世界將不再是一個有吸引力的地方居住。這的確將是一個糟糕的結果,世界人口達到平衡才發(fā)現(xiàn),我們想在這個過程中破壞自然環(huán)境。
  世界人口新千年的前50年對世界人口來說是至關重要的,到2050年,世界人口將趨于平穩(wěn),但到那時,世界人口將達到100億,比現(xiàn)在多2 / 3。但人?增長率是我們現(xiàn)在能選擇的事:它不是順應天意而產生的,而是人類的選擇。這一選擇相當復雜,有許多因素,但它依然是一種選擇。要想避免人口爆炸,我們現(xiàn)在就應采取行動 - 或者說應幫助比較窮的GJ來控制人口,因為他們需要更好的政府,機構,勞動力及資本市場和學校。任何使一個婦女增加撫養(yǎng)孩子的時間或撫養(yǎng)孩子費用的事都使得那個婦女不太想要這個孩子。由于大家庭經常被認為是年老生病時的安全網,讓窮人進一步獲得保險,退休金和福利機構的幫助也會在控制人口生育上起重大作用。這可以像農村信用制度那樣簡單,為人們提供一種儲蓄的手段。最后還有教育問題 - 既有對婦女的教育,也有更重要的對下一代的教育。以上這些都是應采取的措施,但看來有些GJ目前并沒有認真去做,如果我們不能做到這一點,我們就不能控制人口。及,我對我們資源殆盡并不悲觀此:我們生產糧食的速度超過了人口增長的速度。,我們也存在這樣的危險然而:我們會徹底毀壞環(huán)境,以致于地球將不再是一個吸引人居住的地方。那確實是一個可悲的結果:實現(xiàn)了人口的平衡卻換來了自然環(huán)境的破壞。

世界人口The World' s Population》永久閱讀地址: http://www.jiazhineng.cn/yingyu/1221/